The XAF and CXAM search radars were designed by the Naval Research Laboratory, and were the first operational radars in the US fleet, produced by RCA. Most of the air (and naval) actions in World War II fought with radar at UHF and below. The SCR-268 had to rely on accompanying optical trackers to refine its angle data for AA fire control, with the aid of searchlights slaved to the radar beam for night operations. Also lacking was the high resolution of modern arrays, which provide milliradian or better accuracy for fire control and missile guidance. What was lacking was the electronic beam steering used today for search and automatic tracking. Processing and tracking, carried out by operators viewing cathode-ray tubes and manually controlling the antenna pedestal, were also redundant.

The array itself was highly redundant, so that damage to a single element would not disable the radar. The Australian RAAF deployed an SCR-270 at Dripstone cliff in Darwin in 1942.Д®conomy was enhanced by thinning of the array, removing the top and bottom rows from the main (azimuth) antenna, while retaining the entire column of six elements in the elevation array. The success of the SCR-270 in detecting the aircraft approaching Pearl Harbor, and the failure of the associated command and control system, are part of the history of that era. By the time of US entry into the war, the 105-MHz SCR-270 and the 205-MHz SCR-268 were available for use. In the U.S., time was not quite as pressing, and development of VHF equipment was carried out. Fortunately, for him and for the RAF his program review groups did not have access to today's procedures and techniques for ensuring optimal solutions to each problem. Much of the rapid progress made by the early British developers can be attributed to Watson-Watt's doctrine of using the third best, the best being unattainable and the second best unavailable until too late. Separate transmitting and receiving antennas were used, the duplexer not having been developed. Its antennas were hardly distinguishable from those of short-wave radio stations. The British, faced with the most urgent need to deploy equipment, designed the Chain Home system to work at 25 MHz. Military meteorologists used radar to track storms.Д®arly radar equipment was adapted from the radio communications field, using HF, VHF, and UHF tubes and antenna techniques. Radar could be used to locate enemy artillery and even buried mines. It was put into airplanes, where it might be used to locate hostile aircraft or ships, or to navigate the aircraft, or to find bombing targets. It was put on ships, where it was used to navigate at night and through fog, to locate enemy ships and aircraft, and to direct gunfire. It was used to aim searchlights, then to aim anti-aircraft guns. Radar, which is essentially вЂњseeingвЂќ with radio waves, found dozens of other uses in the war. In the United States, researchers at MIT's Rad Lab and the U.S Naval Research Laboratory also hurried to develop radar. Even before the outbreak of war Britain had built an air-defense radar system called Chain Home. But in the late 1930s the threat of air attack stimulated work on this technology, and research groups in at least eight countries-France, Germany, Italy, Japan, Netherlands, the Soviet Union, the United Kingdom, and the United States-independently developed radar. In 1904 the German Christian HГјlsmeyer patented a means to do this, but the invention attracted very little interest.

Radar works by sending out radio waves and detecting any reflections from distant objects. The threat of bombing revived interest in a technology that had been invented several decades earlier but not developed-radar. The words of British Prime Minister Stanley Baldwin, spoken in 1932, were well known: вЂњthe bomber will always get through.вЂќ Airplanes might carry enormously destructive bombs, and there was little to prevent enemy aircraft from reaching a nationвЂ™s cities. But as airplanes increased in size, range, and speed in the 1920s, it became clear that they would become major weapons in future wars. That very simplicity makes it highly adaptable-during the war scientists and engineers found dozens of ways of using it.Дuring World War I (1914-1918) airplanes played a relatively small role, being used mainly for reconnaissance. Radar is, in essence, a very basic way of obtaining information. While thatвЂ™s an overstatement, it is true that radar had a huge impact on how World War II was fought on both sides. It has been said that radar won the war for the Allies in World War II. ItвЂ™s 8-meter wide dish antenna was part of a system used to detect incoming aircraft. Perhaps the most important of these was the вЂњWГјrzburgвЂќ type shown here at an installation in Douvre, France (then German-occupied France). German engineers also developed radars during World War II.

Long war 2 technical build